The Iliad and the Odyssey, attributed to the ancient Greek poet Homer, are believed to have been composed around the 8th century BCE. The precise dates are debated among scholars, but a commonly accepted timeframe is between 750 and 700 BCE. These epic poems, which are cornerstones of Western literature, were passed down orally before being written down. The Iliad, focused on the Trojan War, is generally thought to have been composed earlier than the Odyssey, which narrates Odysseus’s journey home after the war. The oral tradition allowed for variations in the stories until they were eventually transcribed. The historical context, language style, and archaeological findings support this approximate dating, placing the epics in the early Archaic period of ancient Greece.

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